Safe and Effective
ICPF Abstract (as published)
The cleaning of particles from smooth and rough paper surfaces using a high-speed CO2 snow jet was investigated. The measurements included characterization of the jet properties, determination of the cleaning efficiency, and evaluation of any possible adverse effects.
CO2 Technology Improves Bondability
A manufactured product may require component surfaces to be joined using methods such as gluing, welding, soldering, and coating. The ability of a surface to be cohesively or adhesively joined or bonded to another surface is termed bondability.
MOXIE produced five grams of oxygen, equal to 10 minutes of breathable oxygen for astronaut carrying out normal activity
CO2 Improves Surface Wettability
A manufactured product may require component surfaces to provide fast and uniform spreading and contact of applied (liquids) adhesives, coatings, paints, sealants, underfills, or molten metals. The ability of surface to be wetted by another substance is termed wettability.
Atmosphere. Optimized.
Introduction
The past century has witnessed significant advancements in cutting machines, cutting tools, machine controls, processing materials, and cooling-lubrication chemistries. However, surprisingly very little has changed with regards to the application of coolants and lubricants during machining – the machining atmosphere.
CO2 Improves Surface Cleanliness in Different Ways
A manufactured product may require components to have a certain maximum level of surface contaminants such as particles and oils to enable wetting, bonding, or machining operations, or to enable assembly, testing, or functional performance of the product. The ability of surface to be cleaned to a pre-determined and desired cleanliness level, efficiently and without damage to the surface or product, is termed cleanability.
CO2 Changes Surfaces in Different Ways
The most practical and unique aspect of CO2 processing technology is its ability to transform the chemical and physical nature of a manufactured surface, selectively or non-selectively, and in many different ways. Example surface transformations include dirty-to-clean, hot-to-cool, low surface free energy-to-high surface free energy, high outgassing-to-low outgassing, and non-polar-to-polar.
Surface Contamination Constrains Manufacturing
Manufacturing systems comprise numerous processes and apparatuses needed to fabricate a product. In addition, manufacturing systems require inputs such as space, energy, materials, labor, and time. Processes include wire bonding, hard metal turning, precision assembly, adhesive bonding, welding, and inspection, among many other examples.
Problem-Opportunity-Solution
The CO2 processing system comprises three components, as follows:
CO2 as a Solvent, Coolant, and Lubricant
It has been known for more than 80 years that CO2 behaves in a manner similar to an organic “solvent” when compressed to liquid-like densities and as an organic “solute” when compressed into and mixed with another organic solid or liquid. Examples include CO2 plasticization of polymers such as low density polyethylene (LDPE) and solid CO2 mixed into and complexed with cold hydrocarbon solvents. CO2 modifies the physical and chemical properties of solids and liquids having similar cohesion energies, for example expanding organic solvents to reduce viscosity and increasing permeability of gases into polymers.
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