CO2 Mechanics Blog

Applications

Application Note: Surface Prep for Wire Bonding

Surface Preparation for Wire Bonding

Cleaning Solution for Bond Pad Contamination

Introduction

Shown in Figure 1 is a typical wire bonding procedure. To ensure bondability and reliability of wire bonds, one of the critical conditions is that the bonding pad surface must be free of contaminants (1).

Therefore, bond pad cleaning is an important step prior to wire bonding. Selective CO2 spray cleaning technology offers a robust and flexible technique for achieving cleanliness on bond pads. A bond pad can be made very clean and wettable by removing residues, particles and activating the surface.

David Jackson

Jul 10, 2024 9:35:44 PM

History of CO2 Composite Spray

CO2 Snow Cleaning

Cleaning Delicate Surfaces Using Sub-Micron Sized Solid Carbon Dioxide Particles Propelled by Gaseous Carbon Dioxide

Cleaning Surfaces with Dry Ice

Cleaning delicate surfaces using sub-micron sized solid carbon dioxide particles propelled by gaseous carbon dioxide (i.e., “Snow” or “CO2 Aerosol Spray”) was first proposed by Dr. Stuart Hoenig (University of Arizona), in Hoenig, S.A., “Cleaning Surfaces with Dry Ice”, Compressed Air Magazine, August 1986, pp. 22-25 (Hoenig 1986).

David Jackson

Jul 17, 2023 6:31:18 PM

History of CO2 Composite Spray

Pellet Blast Cleaning

The First CO2 Spray Cleaning Process

Fong's (Lockheed Aircraft) Pellet Blast Process

During the 1970’s, Calvin Fong, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Burbank California, developed the very first surface cleaning process utilizing “sublimable particles” – solid carbon dioxide pellets – entrained in a compressed air stream. Shown in Fig. 1, the Fong invention is described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,038,786, “Sandblasting with pellets of material capable of sublimation”, August 1977 (Fong 1977).

David Jackson

Jun 26, 2023 8:59:48 AM

History of CO2 Composite Spray

History of CO2 Composite Spray Technology

The Short Story

CO2 Composite Spray Technology Development

CO2 Composite Spray™ technology can claim its beginnings going back to the late 1970’s with the introduction of Fong’s pellet blasting innovations when he was working for Lockheed Aircraft. CO2 pellet blasting employs a mixture of small (sublimable) solid CO2 pellets (used almost exclusively for food packing refrigeration) introduced into a compressed air stream to blast contaminated surfaces free of gross contamination.

David Jackson

Apr 4, 2023 7:15:54 PM

Published Papers

Precision Cleaning for Historical Documents

ICPF Heritage Science Published Journal Article 2021

Safe and Effective

ICPF Abstract (as published)

The cleaning of particles from smooth and rough paper surfaces using a high-speed CO2 snow jet was investigated. The measurements included characterization of the jet properties, determination of the cleaning efficiency, and evaluation of any possible adverse effects.

Amanda Bunch

Dec 2, 2021 10:16:34 AM

CO2 Processing Technology

CO2 Processing Technology 2.2.3.2.3

Bondability

CO2 Technology Improves Bondability

A manufactured product may require component surfaces to be joined using methods such as gluing, welding, soldering, and coating. The ability of a surface to be cohesively or adhesively joined or bonded to another surface is termed bondability.

David Jackson

Aug 4, 2021 12:22:30 PM

CO2 in the News

CO2 in the News 04.23.21

Perseverance rover converts CO2 into oxygen on Mars for the first time

MOXIE produced five grams of oxygen, equal to 10 minutes of breathable oxygen for astronaut carrying out normal activity

David Jackson

May 26, 2021 2:15:32 PM

CO2 Processing Technology

CO2 Processing Technology 2.2.3.2.2

Wettability

CO2 Improves Surface Wettability

A manufactured product may require component surfaces to provide fast and uniform spreading and contact of applied (liquids) adhesives, coatings, paints, sealants, underfills, or molten metals. The ability of surface to be wetted by another substance is termed wettability.

David Jackson

Mar 8, 2021 3:41:39 PM

CO2 Application Profiles

CO2 Application Profile

CO2 MQCL for Titanium Machining

Atmosphere. Optimized.

Introduction

The past century has witnessed significant advancements in cutting machines, cutting tools, machine controls, processing materials, and cooling-lubrication chemistries. However, surprisingly very little has changed with regards to the application of coolants and lubricants during machining – the machining atmosphere.

David Jackson

Feb 8, 2021 3:46:51 PM

CO2 Processing Technology

CO2 Processing Technology 2.2.3.2.1

Cleanability

CO2 Improves Surface Cleanliness in Different Ways

A manufactured product may require components to have a certain maximum level of surface contaminants such as particles and oils to enable wetting, bonding, or machining operations, or to enable assembly, testing, or functional performance of the product. The ability of surface to be cleaned to a pre-determined and desired cleanliness level, efficiently and without damage to the surface or product, is termed cleanability.

David Jackson

Jan 25, 2021 7:13:22 PM